Waec Gce 2023 Government theory and Obj Questions and Answers

  Wednesday, 15th Nov., 2023

Government 2 (Essay) 2:00pm – 4:00pm
Government 1 (Objective) 4:00pm – 5:00pm
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 WAEC GCE 2023 GOVERNMENT ANSWERS

(1)

(i) Representation of Diverse Views: A multi-party system allows for the representation of diverse political ideologies and perspectives. This ensures that a wide range of interests and concerns are addressed, promoting inclusivity and preventing the domination of a single party.

 

(ii) Accountability and Checks and Balances: Multiple parties create a system of checks and balances, where different parties act as watchdogs to ensure accountability. Opposition parties can question and challenge the ruling party’s policies, decisions, and actions, leading to better governance and reducing the risk of corruption or abuse of power.

 

(iii) Competition and Innovation: The presence of multiple parties fosters healthy competition among political parties. Parties compete to gain public support by offering innovative policies and ideas, which can lead to better governance and responsive decision-making.

 

(iv) Policy Debate and Discourse: A multi-party system encourages robust policy debates and discussions. Different parties present their viewpoints and engage in constructive debates, leading to well-informed decisions and policies that consider a variety of perspectives.

 

(v) Voter Choice and Participation: Multi-party systems provide voters with a wider range of choices during elections. This increases voter engagement and participation, as citizens have the opportunity to vote for parties that align with their values and priorities. Increased voter participation strengthens the democratic process and enhances the legitimacy of the government.

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(2)

(i) Establishing Fundamental Rights and Freedoms: A constitution outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens, providing a framework for protecting individual liberties. This ensures that the government operates within the boundaries set by the constitution, promoting fairness and equality.

 

(ii) Separation of Powers: A constitution typically divides the powers of the government into different branches, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This separation of powers helps prevent the concentration of authority in one entity, ensuring a system of checks and balances and preventing abuses of power.

 

(iii) Defining the Structure of Government: A constitution establishes the structure of government, including the roles and responsibilities of different institutions and the mechanisms for decision-making. This clarity helps facilitate effective governance and prevents confusion or conflicts regarding the distribution of power.

 

(iv) Setting Procedures for Lawmaking and Governance: A constitution often outlines the procedures for lawmaking, including the process for enacting, amending, and repealing laws. It also establishes guidelines for governance, such as the conduct of elections, appointment of public officials, and mechanisms for resolving disputes. These procedures ensure transparency, accountability, and stability in the governance process.

 

(v) Safeguarding the Constitution: A constitution typically includes provisions for its own protection and amendment. It may require special procedures or thresholds for amending the constitution, ensuring that any changes are deliberate and reflective of the will of the people. This helps maintain the integrity and stability of the constitution, providing a solid foundation for the smooth governance of the state.

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(7)

(PICK FIVE ONLY)

 

(i) Instability: Political conflicts create an atmosphere of instability, with frequent changes in leadership, policy reversals, and uncertainty. This hampers long-term planning and discourages domestic and foreign investments.

 

(ii) Economic stagnation: Uncertainty caused by political conflicts discourages investment and economic growth. Businesses are less likely to expand or invest when there is political turmoil, leading to stagnant job creation and limited economic opportunities.

 

(iii) Diversion of resources: Political conflicts often lead to the misallocation of resources. Funds that could be invested in vital infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social programs are often diverted to sustaining the conflict or used for personal gain by political actors.

 

(iv) Inefficient governance: Constant conflicts and power struggles within the political system can result in inefficient governance structures. Critical decisions may be delayed or politicized, stifling progress and hindering effective public administration.

 

(v) Social divisions: Political conflicts exacerbate existing social divisions within Nigeria, such as ethnic and religious tensions. These divisions can lead to violence, polarization, and the breakdown of trust and cooperation among different groups, further hindering development efforts.

 

(vi) Brain drain: Political conflicts often push talented individuals to seek opportunities abroad, leading to a brain drain phenomenon. This deprives the country of skilled professionals, impacting sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology.

 

(vii) Weak institutions: Political conflicts undermine confidence in institutions and erode trust in the rule of law. Weakened institutions struggle to provide crucial services, enforce regulations, and ensure accountability, hindering development efforts.

 

(viii) Reduced international cooperation: Political conflicts can strain diplomatic relations, reducing international cooperation and assistance. This affects areas such as foreign direct investment, trade agreements, and development aid, limiting access to resources and expertise that could support Nigeria’s development.

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(9)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

 

(i) Unity in Diversity: Federalism allows Nigeria to accommodate its diverse ethnic and cultural groups by granting a degree of autonomy to states, fostering national unity while respecting regional differences.

 

(ii) Resource Distribution: Through fiscal federalism, resources are allocated among the federal and state governments, ensuring that wealth generated in different regions contributes to the overall development of the nation.

 

(iii) Conflict Resolution: Federalism provides a framework for conflict resolution by allowing states to address local issues independently, minimizing the likelihood of regional disputes that could threaten national stability.

 

(iv) Responsive Governance: The division of powers between the federal and state levels enables more responsive governance, as local governments can address the specific needs of their communities without relying solely on central authorities.

 

(v) Checks and Balances: The separation of powers inherent in federalism helps prevent the abuse of authority. Each tier of government acts as a check on the others, promoting accountability and preventing the concentration of power.

 

(vi) Democratic Governance: Federalism supports democratic principles by decentralizing decision-making processes. Local elections allow citizens to participate in governance at various levels, promoting a more inclusive and representative political system.

 

(vii) National Development: By fostering competition and innovation among states, federalism encourages economic development and social progress. This competitive dynamic contributes to the overall advancement of the country.

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(9)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

 

(i) Unity in Diversity: Federalism allows Nigeria to accommodate its diverse ethnic and cultural groups by granting a degree of autonomy to states, fostering national unity while respecting regional differences.

 

(ii) Resource Distribution: Through fiscal federalism, resources are allocated among the federal and state governments, ensuring that wealth generated in different regions contributes to the overall development of the nation.

 

(iii) Conflict Resolution: Federalism provides a framework for conflict resolution by allowing states to address local issues independently, minimizing the likelihood of regional disputes that could threaten national stability.

 

(iv) Responsive Governance: The division of powers between the federal and state levels enables more responsive governance, as local governments can address the specific needs of their communities without relying solely on central authorities.

 

(v) Checks and Balances: The separation of powers inherent in federalism helps prevent the abuse of authority. Each tier of government acts as a check on the others, promoting accountability and preventing the concentration of power.

 

(vi) Democratic Governance: Federalism supports democratic principles by decentralizing decision-making processes. Local elections allow citizens to participate in governance at various levels, promoting a more inclusive and representative political system.

 

(vii) National Development: By fostering competition and innovation among states, federalism encourages economic development and social progress. This competitive dynamic contributes to the overall advancement of the country.

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(10)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

 

(i) Economic Growth: Strengthening inter-dependence fosters economic collaboration, leading to increased trade and investment, thereby promoting overall economic growth in Nigeria.

 

(ii) Resource Sharing: Through inter-dependence, Nigeria can benefit from the sharing of resources and expertise with other states, ensuring efficient utilization and development of its own resources.

 

(iii) Political Stability: A commitment to inter-dependence encourages diplomatic cooperation, fostering political stability as nations work together to address common challenges, contributing to peace and security in Nigeria.

 

(iv) Technological Advancement: Collaboration with other states facilitates the exchange of technology and knowledge, promoting innovation and technological advancement within Nigeria.

 

(v) Cultural Exchange: Inter-dependence promotes cultural exchange, allowing Nigeria to showcase its rich cultural heritage while also learning from and appreciating the diverse cultures of other states.

 

(vi) Environmental Conservation: Collaborative efforts on environmental issues within an inter-dependent framework can lead to shared initiatives for conservation, benefiting Nigeria in terms of sustainable development and ecological preservation.

 

(vii) Global Influence: By actively participating in inter-dependent relationships, Nigeria can enhance its global influence and representation, enabling the country to have a stronger voice in international forums and decision-making processes.

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