EXAM: waec Gce 2024
SUBJECT: Agric Science
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(1a)
Oyo State Nigeria
(1aii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Cassava
(ii) Maize
(iii) Yam
(iv) Banana and Plantain
(v) Cowpea
(1aiii)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Research and development.
(ii) Pest and disease control.
(iii) Training and capacity building.
(iv) Soil fertility management.
(v) Food security and nutrition.
(vi) Climate change mitigation.
(vii) Economic empowerment of farmers.
(1bi)
=SUNLIGHT=
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Solar energy systems can be expensive to install.
(ii) Limited availability in regions with long winters.
(iii) Requires large surface areas for solar panels.
(iv) Solar energy systems may need regular maintenance.
(v) Energy production fluctuates throughout the day and year.
(3bii)
=ELECTRICITY=
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) High consumption costs for large farms.
(ii) Vulnerability to power outages and interruptions.
(iii) Requires infrastructure that may not be available in remote areas.
(iv) Potential for electrical overloading in rural areas.
(v) Can cause environmental degradation if the power source is not renewable.
(3biii)
=DRAUGHT ANIMALS=
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Limited by the strength and endurance of the animal.
(ii) Difficult to transport heavy machinery or large loads.
(iii) Animals can be prone to illness and injury.
(iv) Need for proper shelter and care, which adds to the cost.
(v) May require extensive training for animals to perform specific tasks.
(2a)
(2bi)
Deforestation refers to the large-scale clearing or removal of forests or trees from land, often to make way for agricultural activities, urban development, or other human uses. This process can lead to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and environmental imbalances.
(2bii)
(i) Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, helping to mitigate climate change.
(ii) Forests release oxygen and filter harmful pollutants from the air.
(iii) Trees play a critical role in maintaining the water cycle by reducing runoff, improving groundwater recharge, and promoting precipitation.
(iv) Forests provide shelter and food for numerous species of plants and animals, maintaining ecological balance.
(v) Tree roots hold the soil in place, reducing erosion and maintaining soil fertility.
(2c)
(i) Decomposition: Organisms like fungi and bacteria break down organic matter into humus, enriching soil nutrients.
(ii) Nutrient Cycling: Microbes help convert nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus into forms that plants can absorb.
(iii) Soil Aeration: Earthworms and other burrowing organisms create channels that improve soil structure and aeration.
(iv) Formation of Soil Aggregates: Microorganisms and their by-products bind soil particles together, improving soil stability and water retention.
(v) Pest Control: Some soil organisms help control pests by feeding on harmful insects or their larvae.
(3ai)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Hybridization is the process of crossing two genetically different plants or animals to produce offspring with desirable traits from both parents.
OR
Hybridization is the process of combining two or more different varieties, species, or breeds to produce a new organism with desirable traits.
(3aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Bananas are sterile and cannot produce viable seeds.
(ii) Bananas lack seeds and are typically propagated using suckers or tissue culture.
(iii) Most commercial banana varieties are genetically uniform.
(iv) Bananas have limited genetic diversity.
(3bi)
Grasses:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Guinea grass
(ii) Napier grass
(iii) Vetiver grass
(iv) Elephant grass
(v) Buffel grass
(3bii)
Legumes:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Mucuna
(ii) Pigeon pea
(iii) Cowpea
(iv) Soybean
(v) Groundnut
(vi) Lablab
(3ci)
Phosphorus fertilizers:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Single Superphosphate
(ii) Triple Superphosphate
(iii) Rock Phosphate
(iv) Diammonium Phosphate
(v) Monoammonium Phosphate
(3cii)
Potassium fertilizers:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Muriate of Potash
(ii) Sulphate of Potash
(iii) Potassium Nitrate
(iv) Potassium Chloride
(v) Potassium Sulphate
(3d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Dioscorea rotundata (White yam)
(ii) Dioscorea alata (Water yam)
(iii) Dioscorea esculenta (Lesser yam)
(iv) Dioscorea bulbifera (Aerial yam)
(v) Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter yam)
(vi) Dioscorea cayenensis (Yellow yam)
(4ai)
Botanical Name:
The botanical name of rubber is Hevea brasiliensis. This species belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is primarily cultivated for its latex, which is processed into natural rubber.
(4aii)
Two Methods of Propagation:
(i) Budding: A bud from a desired rubber tree is grafted onto a rootstock. This ensures the offspring retains the qualities of the parent tree.
(ii) Stem Cuttings: Cuttings from a mature rubber tree are planted directly in a nursery to develop roots and shoots.
(4aiii)
Soil Requirement:
Rubber trees thrive in deep, well-drained, and lateritic soils with a slightly acidic pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.0. The soil should be fertile and rich in organic matter, as rubber trees require good drainage and aeration for optimal growth.
(4aiv)
Fertilizer Application:
Fertilizer application is crucial for the growth of rubber trees. For immature trees, it is recommended to apply:
-12 kg of compost or farmyard manure (FYM) and 120 g of rock phosphate per planting pit before planting.
-As the trees mature, a balanced NPK fertilizer (10:10:10) should be applied at a rate of 900 g per tree annually, split into two doses. Additional magnesium sulfate may be included if magnesium deficiency is observed.
(4av) Harvesting
Harvesting rubber involves tapping the trees to collect latex, which typically begins when the trees reach a girth of about 50 cm at a height of 125-150 cm from the ground. Tapping is done by making precise incisions in the bark without damaging the cambium layer, usually early in the morning to maximize latex flow. The tapping process can continue for 25 to 30 years, depending on tree health and management practices.
(4bi)
Sorghum:
-Stem borers
-Sorghum midge
(4bii)
Cassava:
-Cassava mealybug
-Cassava green mite
(4biii)
Tomato:
-Tomato fruit borer
-Whiteflies
(4c)
(i) Heat Stress: Chicks may pant excessively and appear restless.
(ii) Dehydration: High temperatures can cause water loss, leading to dehydration.
(iii) Reduced Feed Intake: Chicks eat less when overheated, affecting growth rates.
(iv) Mortality: Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can cause death.
(v) Poor Feather Development: Excessive heat can impair proper feather growth.
(vi) Weakened Immune System: Heat stress can make chicks more susceptible to diseases.
(5a)
=TABULATE=
UNDER GOAT;
(i) Young one: kid
(ii) Act of Parturition: kidding
(iii) Number of Teeth in Udder: 2-4
(iv) Oestrus Cycle (days): 18-21
(v) Gestation Period (days): 145-155
UNDER CATTLE;
(i) Young one: Calf
(ii) Act of Parturition: Calving
(iii) Number of Teeth in Udder: 4
(iv) Oestrus Cycle (days): 18-24
(v) Gestation Period (days): 280
(5b)
(i) Breed or Genetics: Some breeds have natural resistance to specific diseases.
(ii) Nutrition: Proper nutrition boosts an animal's immune system, increasing resistance.
(iii) Hygiene and Housing: Clean environments reduce exposure to pathogens.
(v) Vaccination: Vaccinated animals are more resistant to preventable diseases.
(5c)
(i) Soil Degradation: Bush burning destroys organic matter and soil fertility.
(ii) Loss of Biodiversity: It kills wildlife, plants, and beneficial microorganisms.
(iii) Air Pollution: Smoke from bush burning contributes to air pollution and health issues.
(iv) Climate Change Contribution: It releases greenhouse gases, increasing global warming.
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